Lazarus The Complete Guide
I want to learn to develop applications in Lazarus, but I need resources, preferably books, to Lazarus.
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Keep in mind that I know 0 of Pascal.Thanks.
closed as not constructive by Ken White, Undo♦, Luc M, HABO, DanJun 18 '13 at 3:55
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- May 07, 2014 I am reading Lazarus - The Complete Guide - 1st edition and testing on Lazarus IDE 1.1.99 and I miss some explanations on new features and got some fetaures that have different behaviour from the book. I am looking for an advanced OOP book on design patterns using Lazarus, starting from the basic part of OOP such as DAO, MVC, MVP, MVVM, MGM, etc.
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4 Answers
Lazarus - The Complete Guide can be found here.
UPDATE:
Free book is here. I know this is for Delphi but it will also help a Lazarus newbie very much.
To my knowledge there are also books in german (paid), portuguese (paid), and arabic (free).
The compiler and non visual manuals are here
One can also use Delphi resources to some degree; Essential Pascal is also always a good read, and so are the older Mastering Delphi books from the same author
Marco Cantu's book 'Essential Pascal' is a good, implementation agnostic Pascal guide for the Object Pascal dialects of Pascal (Lazarus, FPC, Delphi).http://www.marcocantu.com/epascal/An older version of the book is available free, and the most recent can be purchased.
Anthophobia game gallery. I learned using the book
'Oh! Pascal!'
. Clear and basic - very good.
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Developer(s) | Volunteers (Lazarus Team) |
---|---|
Stable release | 2.0.2 / April 16, 2019; 2 months ago |
Repository | |
Written in | Object Pascal |
Operating system | Windows, macOS, Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris and others |
Platform | IA-32, x86-64, ARM, PowerPC |
Type | Integrated development environment |
License | GNU General Public License and modified GNU Lesser General Public License (with static linking exception) |
Website | www.lazarus-ide.org |
Lazarus is a free cross-platform visual integrated development environment (IDE) for rapid application development (RAD) using the Free Pascal compiler.
Software developers use Lazarus to create native-code console and graphical user interface (GUI) applications for the desktop, and also for mobile devices, web applications, web services, visual components and function libraries for a number of different platforms, including Mac, Linux and Windows.
An application created using Lazarus on one platform can generally compile and execute on any platform for which a Free Pascal compiler exists. For desktop applications a single source can target Mac, Linux, and Windows, with little or no modification. An example is the Lazarus IDE itself, created from a single code base and available on all major platforms including the Raspberry Pi.
- 2Cross-platform development
Features[edit]
Lazarus provides a highly visual development environment for the creation of rich user interfaces, application logic, and other supporting code artifacts, similar to Borland Delphi. Along with project management features, the Lazarus IDE also provides:
- A What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG) visual windows layout designer
- GUI widgets or visual components such as edit boxes, buttons, dialogs, menus, etc.
- Non-visual components for common behaviors such as persistence of application settings
- Data-connectivity components for MySQL, PostgreSQL, FireBird, Oracle, SQLite, Sybase, and others
- Data-aware widget set that allows the developer to see data in visual components in the designer to assist with development
- Interactive code debugger
- Code completion
- Code templates
- Syntax highlighting
- Context-sensitive help
- Text resource manager for internationalisation (internationalization)
- Automatic code formatting
- The ability to create custom components
Cross-platform development[edit]
Lazarus uses Free Pascal as its back-end compiler. Therefore, Lazarus can theoretically be used to develop applications for all platforms supported by Free Pascal.
Lazarus provides a cross-platform application framework called the Lazarus Component Library (LCL), which provides a single, unified interface for programmers, with different platform-specific implementations. Using LCL, it is possible to create applications in a write once, compile anywhere manner, unless system-dependent features are used explicitly.
Cross-compiling[edit]
As Free Pascal supports cross-compiling, Lazarus applications can be cross-compiled from Windows to Linux / macOS / etc. and vice versa.
Lazarus The Complete Guide Pdf Download
Applications for embedded devices (smartphones, PDAs, routers, game consoles) can be cross-compiled from any desktop platform.
Lazarus Component Library[edit]
The standard application framework, Lazarus Component Library (LCL) was originally modeled after the Visual Component Library (VCL) in Delphi 6, and, unlike Delphi, is not restricted to Microsoft Windowsoperating systems. This is done by separating the definition of common widget classes and their widgetset-specific implementation. Each widget set is supported by providing an interface which interacts directly with the set.[1]
Database development[edit]
Developers can install packages that allow Lazarus to support several database management systems (DBMSes). Programs can interact with DBMSes through code or by components dropped on a form.
The following DBMSes are supported out of the box:
- dBase and FoxPro, supported through the TDbf component
- InterBase / Firebird. See [1]
- Microsoft SQL Server and Sybase ASE. See [2]
- MySQL and MariaDB. See [3]
- ODBC databases. See [4]
- Oracle. See [5]
- PostgreSQL. See [6]
- SQLite. See [7]
- Simple, local, flat file databases through TBufDataset, TMemDataset and TSdfDataset.
Differences from Delphi[edit]
While resembling Delphi in many ways, there are a few limitations regarding the performance and feature set, including:
- Under Windows the default size of an executable file is larger than the Delphi 6 or Delphi 7 equivalent, as Lazarus stores debug information within the executable rather than as separate files. From release 0.9.30 Lazarus supports external debug symbols; program file size can be significantly reduced by using an external symbols file (it can be set in Compiler options), or by using Strip
- Components for Delphi can be installed in Lazarus, but they must be converted, which can be complex (less complex since FP 2.4.x-based 0.9.30)
- Missing important media libraries and widgets:
- Microsoft Office connectivity before FPC 2.6.0 release. Popping up Excel with a simple table filled out in 2.6.0 and higher works.
- Datasnap (not a publicly documented system, Embarcadero proprietary enterprise functionality)
- Networking is mostly available
- No support to directly call .NET libraries;. It is possible to call Object Pascal code from .NET software.[2]
- COM support was missing until version 2.2.0.
- Missing dynamically loadable packages support.
- Not fully compatible with VCL. As mentioned previously, this is by design, although the current LCL widget set should suffice for most applications. But this makes the deep repository of available VCL widgets inaccessible without conversion. The conversion effort mostly involves some editing, although there are a few fundamental differences. When porting, missing units in the libraries and COM support are a considerably bigger problem than incompatibilities between LCL and VCL.
Distribution and licensing[edit]
Like Free Pascal, Lazarus is free software. Different portions are distributed under different free software licenses, including GPL, LGPL, MPL, and a modified version of LGPL.[3]
Specifically, the LCL, which is statically built into the produced executables, is licensed under a modified version of the LGPL, granting extra permissions to allow it to be statically built into the produced software, including proprietary ones.
Installing a design-time package is equivalent to linking to the IDE, thus distributing the Lazarus IDE with a GPL-incompatible design-time package (e.g. the JEDI packages, which are licensed under the Mozilla Public License) pre-installed would cause a license violation. This however does not prohibit proprietary packages from being developed with Lazarus.
History[edit]
The first attempt to develop a visual IDE for Free Pascal dates back to 1998, when the Megido project commenced. For various reasons this approach failed. Some of Megido's developers then started a new project based on a more flexible foundation.
The first preliminary LCL version was ready for release in 2001, and in 2003 the first beta version of Lazarus (0.9.0.3) was hosted at SourceForge. The first final Lazarus version (1.0) was released in 2012, and significantly enhanced Lazarus 1.2 with was released in 2014. More than four million downloads had been made from SourceForge as of March 2014.
The name 'Lazarus' alludes to the revival of the Megido concept. It is inspired by Lazarus of Bethany, who, according to the Gospel of John, was restored to life by Jesus four days after his death.
Versions[edit]
Version number | Release date | Platform | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Old version, no longer supported: 0.0.5 | January 2001 | Windows | First release of component library |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.1 | January 2001 | Windows | Redesign of component library to support platform-sensitive development for Linux and Windows using GTK+ and other widgetsets. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.5 | January 30, 2001 | Windows, Linux | Bug fixes and new features supporting cross-platform development and project skeletons. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.8 | October 9, 2001 | Windows, Linux | Codetools implemented, bug fixes. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.8.2 | January 17, 2002 | Windows, Linux | Expanded find functions. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.8.4 | August 19, 2002 | Windows, Linux | Improved graphics and font support, support for Delphi 6 syntax. Binary DFMs are now automatically converted to LFMs. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.8.5 | October 26, 2002 | Windows, Linux | LCL decoupled from interfaces. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.0.3 | September 4, 2003 | Linux | First release on Sourceforge |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.1 | February 27, 2004 | Windows, Linux | Support for packages, numerous added and enhanced properties. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.4 | January 3, 2005 | Windows | Threading support improved, oldest public version hosted at Sourceforge |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.6 | February 25, 2005 | Windows | |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.8 | July 19, 2005 | Windows | |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.10 | October 3, 2005 | Windows, Mac OS X (PPC) | Bug fixes, extensibility of IDE improved, document editor for FPDoc files. Includes Free Pascal 2.0.1 |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.12 | February 7, 2006 | Windows | New packages for database support, CGI applications and printing. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.14 | April 2, 2006 | Windows, Mac OS X (PPC), Linux | Bugfixes, more controls in the WinCE and Qt4 interface |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.16 | May 28, 2006 | Windows, Mac OS X (PPC), Linux | Bug fixes, online help for IDE windows and for LCL applications, improvements to QT widgetset interface. Includes Free Pascal 2.0.2 |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.18 | September 23, 2006 | Windows, Mac OS X (PPC), Linux | Bugfixes, procedure list implemented, new command-line tool 'lazbuild' |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.20 | November 5, 2006 | Windows, Mac OS X (PPC), Linux | Bufixes, code folding implemented, QT widgetset improved. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.22 | March 26, 2007 | Windows, Mac OS X (PPC), Linux | New components to write Windows services and Linux daemons, support for custom mouse cursors. Includes Free Pascal 2.0.4 |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.24 | November 15, 2007 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | First stable release for Win64, WinCE, and Intel-based Mac OS X. Improvements in Qt, Carbon, and Gtk2 widgetset interfaces. Customizable toolbar. Includes Free Pascal 2.2.0 |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.26 | October 5, 2008 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Internal graphic system was rewritten. LCL now uses Unicode strings encoded as UTF-8 on all platforms. FPDoc help in tooltips. First version to run natively using the Carbon widgetset on Mac OS X. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.26.2 | March 13, 2009 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Bug fixes, improved icon support. Includes Free Pascal 2.2.2 |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.28 | September 29, 2009 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Improvements of editor and debugger including support for double-byte fonts such as Eastern, Japanese, Chinese, and Arabic, smaller file sizes of generated applications. Includes Free Pascal 2.2.4 |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.28.2 | October 25, 2009 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Mainly bug fixes. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.30 | March 22, 2011 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Large number of new features, including docking and multiple source-code windows. Based on Free Pascal 2.4.2. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.30.2RC1 | September 30, 2011 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Includes Free Pascal 2.4.4. Release candidate for Lazarus 0.9.30.2. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.30.2RC2 | October 26, 2011 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Release candidate for Lazarus 0.9.30.2. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.30.2 | November 5, 2011 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Bug fixes. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.30.4RC1 | March 3, 2012 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Bug fixes, includes Free Pascal 2.6.0. Release candidate for Lazarus 0.9.30.4. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.30.4RC2 | March 7, 2012 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Release candidate for Lazarus 0.9.30.4. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.30.4RC3 | March 11, 2012 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Release candidate for Lazarus 0.9.30.4. |
Old version, no longer supported: 0.9.30.4 | March 14, 2012 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Bug fixes |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.0RC1 | July 29, 2012 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel), Linux | Release candidate for Lazarus 1.0. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.0RC2 | August 21, 2012 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Release candidate for Lazarus 1.0. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.0 | August 28, 2012 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | First final version. This stable release includes Free Pascal 2.6.0. Multiple corrections and improvements of the IDE, including a macro function, expanded code-folding and new debugger functions. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.0.2 | October 10, 2012 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Bug fixes, minor additions to LCL and widgetsets |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.0.4 | December 2, 2012 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Bug fixes, minor additions to IDE, LCL and widgetsets as well as LazReport and TAChart |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.0.6 | February 3, 2013 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Bug fixes, minor additions to IDE, LCL and widgetsets as well as LazReport and TAChart |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.0.8 | March 19, 2013 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Bug fix release. Includes Free Pascal 2.6.2 |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.0.10 | June 12, 2013 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Bug fixes. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.0.12 | August 24, 2013 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Bug fixes. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.0.14 | November 16, 2013 | Windows, Mac OS X (Intel and PPC), Linux | Bug fixes. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.1.99 | September 16, 2013 | Windows, Mac OS X, Linux | Alpha version for Lazarus 1.2 |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.2RC1 | November 3, 2013 | Windows, Mac OS X, Linux | Release candidate for Lazarus 1.2 |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.2RC2 | January 13, 2014 | Windows, Mac OS X, Linux | Release candidate for Lazarus 1.2 |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.2 | March 4, 2014 | Windows, Mac OS X, Linux | Multiple new features, including a macro recorder, support for layered graphs and Pascal Script. Based on Free Pascal 2.6.2 |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.2.2 | April 23, 2014 | Windows, Mac OS X, BSD, Solaris, Linux | Bug fix release. Based on Free Pascal 2.6.4 |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.2.4 | June 16, 2014 | Windows, Mac OS X, BSD, Solaris, Linux | Bug fix release. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.2.6 | October 12, 2014 | Windows, Mac OS X, BSD, Solaris, Linux | Bug fix release. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.4.0 | April 19, 2015 | Windows, Mac OS X, BSD, Solaris, Linux | Improvements of editor, resource handling and additional new features. Based on Free Pascal 2.6.4. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.4.2 | July 14, 2015 | Windows, Mac OS X, BSD, Solaris, Linux | Bug fix release. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.4.4 | October 4th, 2015 | Windows, Mac OS X, BSD, Solaris, Linux | Bug fix release. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.6 | February 18, 2016 | Windows 32bit/64bit, Mac OS X, Linux | Multiple new features, including docking, project groups and improved editor. Based on Free Pascal 3.0.0.[4] |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.6.2 | November 13, 2016 | Windows 32bit/64bit, Mac OS X, Linux | Bug fix release. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.6.4 | February 26, 2017 | Windows 32bit/64bit, macOS, Linux | Bug fix release. Based on Free Pascal 3.0.2. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.8.0 | December 6, 2017 | Windows 32bit/64bit, macOS, BSD, Linux | Major release with many new features including an online package manager. Based on Free Pascal 3.0.4. |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.8.2 | February 28, 2018. | Bug fix release. | |
Old version, no longer supported: 1.8.4 | May 22, 2018 | Windows 32bit/64bit, macOS, BSD, Linux | Bug fix release.[5] |
Older version, yet still supported: 2.0.0 | January 5, 2019 | Windows 32bit/64bit, macOS, BSD, Linux | Multiple new features including Cocoa support and the introduction of a Pascal to JavaScript transpiler. |
Current stable version:2.0.2 | April 16, 2019 | Windows 32bit/64bit, macOS, BSD, Linux | Bug fix release. |
Examples of applications produced with Lazarus[edit]
- ASuite is a free open-source application launcher for Windows. From 2.0 Alpha 2, it's fully written in Lazarus/FPC.
- Beyond Compare is a data comparison utility for Windows, macOS, and Linux. The macOS and Linux versions are compiled using Lazarus/FPC.
- Cartes du Ciel is a free planetarium program for Linux, macOS and Windows. The software maps out and labels most of the constellations, planets, and objects you can see with a telescope. It is fully written in Lazarus/FPC and released under GPL.
- Cheat Engine is an open-source memory scanner/hex editor/debugger. It is useful for cheating in computer games. Since version 6.0 it is compiled with Lazarus/FPC.
- EPANET, a software package for modelling water-distribution systems.
- HNSKY, Hallo Northern Sky is a free planetarium program for Windows and Linux. Since version 3.4.0 written and compiled with Lazarus/FPC.
- MyNotex is a free software for GNU/Linux useful to take and manage textual notes.
- Peazip is an open-source archiver, made with Lazarus/FPC.
- TorChat is moving away from Python and is being rewritten in Lazarus + Free Pascal.
- Total Commander 64-bit version.[6]
- Double Commander is a cross-platform open-source file manager with two panels side by side. It is inspired by Total Commander and features some new ideas.[7]
- CudaText is a cross-platform open-source text editor.
- Coedit (renamed to Dexed) is an IDE for the D programming language.
- SimThyr is a continuous simulation program for thyroid homeostasis.
Lazarus The Complete Guide Pdf
Examples of Delphi libraries compatible with Lazarus[edit]
- GLScene is a free OpenGL-based library that provides visual components and objects allowing description and rendering of 3D scenes.
- OpenWire is an open-sourcelibrary that allows pin type properties to make connections between LCL components similar to LabVIEW or Agilent VEE.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^See LCL Internals.
- ^http://wiki.lazarus.freepascal.org/Using_Pascal_Libraries_with_.NET_and_Mono
- ^''COPYING.txt' file from the online source code repository'.
- ^Lazarus 1.6 on http://forum.lazarus.freepascal.org
- ^Lazarus 1.8.4 on http://forum.lazarus.freepascal.org
- ^'In which language is TC written??'. Ghisler.ch. 2010-08-09. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
- ^sourceforge.net.
Additional references[edit]
- Michaël van Canneyt; Florian Klämpfl (2012), Free Pascal (Free Pascal 2 ed.), Computer & Literatur Verlag GmbH, ISBN978-3936546729, 393654672X
- Michaël van Canneyt; Mattias Gärtner; Swen Heinig; Felipe Monteiro de Carvalho; Inoussa Ouedraogo; Jörg Braun (2011), Lazarus, Böblingen, Germany: Computer & Literatur Verlag GmbH
- Michaël van Canneyt; Mathias Gärtner; Swen Heinig; Felipe Monteiro de Carvalho; Inoussa Ouedraogo (2011), Lazarus - the complete guide, Blaise Pascal Magazine
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lazarus (software). |